Grammar changes too, but usually more slowly than vocabulary. Neither English nor Russian is likely to pick up evidential markers like Bulgarian, nor develop ejective consonants like Ubykh. In general, the world is likely indeed moving towards a less diverse set of grammatical structures in common use. However, the same growth in subcultures and specialized professional communities that leads to vocabulary growth can also create novel affordances that would be considered shocking and fascinating if they were part of a language’s grammar. For instance, in the forecasting community that has arisen in recent years around platforms like Metaculus, a prediction about the future must be conveyed with a numeric estimate of probability and an end date by which the proposition can definitively be judged true or false. To do otherwise would be in some sense almost ungrammatical, not quite a complete and fully formed utterance, and eliciting a similar twinge of discomfort among the natives as an unconjugated verb. If Forecasterese underwent enough sound changes and lexical divergence to pass the sniff test as being a different language from English, linguists might marvel that in a particular subjunctive mood of the future tense, to speak Forecasterese is to be forced to choose from over a hundred words for varying degrees of “likely” or “unlikely.”
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