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Definition 4 (Definition: Fundamental Group) Let \(X\) be a topological space and \(x_0 \in X\) a basepoint. A loop based at \(x_0\) is a continuous map \(\gamma: [0,1] \to X\) with \(\gamma(0) = \gamma(1) = x_0\). Two loops \(\gamma, \delta\) are homotopic relative to \(x_0\) (written \(\gamma \simeq \delta\)) if there exists a continuous map \(H: [0,1] \times [0,1] \to X\) such that \[H(s,0) = \gamma(s), \quad H(s,1) = \delta(s), \quad H(0,t) = H(1,t) = x_0\] for all \(s,t \in [0,1]\). This is an equivalence relation; denote the equivalence class of \(\gamma\) by \([\gamma]\).，这一点在体育直播中也有详细论述
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《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》已由中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议于2025年6月27日修订通过，现予公布，自2026年1月1日起施行。
В США отказались от ответственности за ситуацию на Ближнем Востоке08:28，这一点在体育直播中也有详细论述